作者简介：原名VeronikaSaraswati，系印度尼西亚战略与国际研究中心中国研究部主任、政治学博士。
祝贺习近平于2023年3月连任中华人民共和国主席，进入其任期的第三阶段，中国在习近平主席的领导下将继续发展，并为其发展带来更大的成功。习近平主席在“创新理论”的基础上领导中国所有部门的发展。创新理论是毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观的延续。
中国各领域的主要成就是在中国发展理论指导下自新中国成立以来至今所取得的伟大成果。中国的国家发展从一个领导时期持续到下一个领导时期，始于1949年毛泽东主席领导下的国家发展时期，中国当时正在为国家建设奠定基础和方向。目前，中国进入到一个自建国以来整个发展进程中取得巨大成果的时期。中国经济发展的不仅给所有中国带来了繁荣，也给世界发展带来了巨大的利益。
从毛泽东主席领导时期到习近平主席领导时期，面对每一个发展挑战，领导人坚持不懈和不放弃的态度，是重要的历史记录。暴雨从未阻碍中国实现独立和向前迈进的大胆而持续的步骤，直到中国最终成功成为今天的世界领先国家，因为对和平与正义的热爱仍然是人类生活及其发展步伐的核心。
中国在高科技领域的成就
在习近平主席的领导下，中国在基础技术方面取得了世界领先地位，在科技突破的竞争中击败了美国。中国掌握了44项重要技术中的37项。据澳大利亚智库澳大利亚战略政策研究所（ASPI）称，中国在国防、外太空、机器人、能源、环境、生物技术、人工智能、先进材料和关键量子技术等世界重要技术领域处于领先地位。
中国掌握的其他几个领域是无人机、智能学习、蓄电池、核能、光伏、量子传感器和关键矿物的提取。据ASPI称，中国在这些领域的主导地位如此根深蒂固，以至于世界上10家领先的技术研究机构都设在中国。根据ASPI的数据，美国只掌握了44项关键技术中的7项，如太空发射系统和量子计算。
中国在这些领域的实力导致西方国家感到不安全，因此他们认为中国是一股危险的力量，可以改变美国的现状。从长远来看，中国领先和高度先进的研究地位表明，中国已经不仅在几乎所有行业的当前技术发展中脱颖而出，而且在尚未存在的未来技术中抢占先机。
言语有力量，中国国家主席习近平一直通过他的演讲来鼓舞中国人民。习近平主席提醒中国人民，中国需要成为一个技术独立的国家。因此，中国需要解决所有发展问题，包括科学技术问题。习近平主席呼吁中国加强科技基础研究，以实现独立，成为全球技术强国。
此外，面对国际科技竞争，实现高度的自给自足和自我完善，习近平主席强调，中国迫切需要不断加强领先技术领域的基础研究，从源头解决关键技术问题。中国的教育体系也极大地促进了技术研究的领先实力，以培养中国人民在这一领域的才能。
习近平主席还回应了他在2021年的讲话，他说，在2035年，在战略和技术实力以及高质量的人才资源方面，中国应该被列为世界领先国家之一。而在当前，中国正面临着在先进半导体技术方面赶上美国及其盟友日益严峻的挑战。
今年1月，日本和荷兰同意遵守美国政府于2022年10月宣布的对中国芯片行业的出口限制。然而，旨在阻止中国从西方和日本公司购买先进人工智能计算芯片以及设备的制裁，是中国能够在国内独立生产的动力。美国的制裁不能颠覆和破坏中国经济。
美国及其盟友实施的制裁和禁运，加强了中国在先进技术领域的研发能力。热爱和平、聪明睿智和坚持不懈，是中国传统价值观的固有原则，被中国人视为扭转惩罚和制裁局面以实现伟大飞跃的主要驱动力。
中国在经济和高科领域的发展无法阻挡
在习近平主席和李强总理的领导下，中国政府将继续坚持以人为本的发展理念，努力促进高质量发展。以人民为先，中国政府将实现以人民福利为导向的发展政策作为最终目标。
中国经济的快速发展为国际世界带来了许多好处。在中国今天面临的严峻挑战中，特别是由于美国及其盟国的围困，习近平主席始终如一地执行和平外交政策，为支持发展中国家和欠发达国家的发展提供了巨大利益。中国成功消除绝对贫困人口的经验，可以作为一种有效的发展模式。中国经济部门和所有其他重要部门的发展进展迅速，得到了人民的全力支持。诚然，目前，中国已经进入了发达国家的水平。中国正在和平和谐地从发展中国家转变为发达国家。
在习近平主席的领导下，中国保留了面对可能影响中国经济新障碍的勇气。中国仍然对国内和国际格局的重大复杂变化毫不畏惧。美国及其盟国实施的围困和制裁战略对中国的发展是一个严峻的挑战，但它不会阻止中国在经济和高科技发展的所有领域继续扩张。
印度尼西亚-中国关系
印度尼西亚和中国需要优化互惠互利的双边合作。中国的技术优势和创新可以作为印度尼西亚新经济增长的源泉。特别是在后疫情时代，数字化将是印度尼西亚经济发展的重要支柱之一。包括数字化在内的高科技是印度尼西亚在所有部门发展的背景下必须满足的迫切需求。中国不仅是印度尼西亚最重要的经济和贸易伙伴，而且中国也是高科技发展部门的发展伙伴。
加强经贸合作、政治与安全以及社会文化部门，在印中关系的发展中正变得越来越重要。在新形势下，深化中国和印度尼西亚之间的人文交流与合作，也是两国和两国人民的共同利益。进入“一带一路”倡议实施的第10个年头，两国应越来越多地加强对已达成承诺的实现，并考虑在实施“一带一路”项目方面采取更多战略步骤，为两国人民的福利提供最大利益。
印度尼西亚将于2024年举行总统选举。无论未来印度尼西亚总统是谁当选，当选的总统都需要保持和加强与中国的和谐关系。
附英文原文：
“China Will Continue its Advanced and Peace-Loving Development”[1]
Congratulations on the re-election of Chairman Xi Jinping
Congratulations on the re-election of Chairman Xi Jinping as President of the PRC in March 2023. Entering the third period of President Xi Jinping’s term of office, China under the leadership of President Xi Jinping will continue development which will bring great success in its development achievements. President Xi Jinping leads China’s development in all sectors based on the “Innovation Theory 创新理论”. The Innovation Theory is a continuation of the “Scientific Development Theory 科学发展观” which forms the basis of the vision and mission of President Hu Jintao’s leadership.
Major achievements in various development sectors are important results that show the success of China’s development theory since the period of national development until now. China’s national development is continuous from one period of leadership to the next. Starting from the period of national development under the chairmanship of Chairman Mao Zedong in the year of 1949, China was then in the process of establishing the basis and direction for nation-building. Currently, China is entering a period of achieving great results from the entire development process since its independence in 1949. The revival of China’s economic development has not only brought prosperity to all Chinese people but has also brought great benefits to world development.
Persistence and an attitude of not giving up in facing every development challenge from the leadership of Chairman Mao Zedong to the leadership of President Xi Jinping is an important historical record. Heavy rainstorms have never hindered China’s bold and consistent steps to realize independence and to move forward until China finally succeeded in becoming the world’s leading country today because the love of peace and justice remains at the heart of human life and the pace of its development.
China’s Economic Achievement
At the beginning of the new year 2023, PRC President Xi Jinping announced that China’s Gross Domestic Product for 2022 will be 120 trillion Yuan. Under the leadership of President Xi Jinping who is also the Secretary General of the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in achieving achievements in the economic field by maintaining the PRC’s position as the country with the second-largest GDP in the world. This great achievement will be continued and scaled up under President Xi Jinping who is re-elected in March 2023.
During President Xi Jinping’s leadership, China has further strengthened the economy such as several pilot free trade zones and Hainan Free Trade Port which have developed more and more rapidly, innovative programs in coastal areas, accelerated development in the central and western regions, revitalization programs in the northeast, and major construction -mass at the border to create community prosperity.
President Xi Jinping has always strengthened and encouraged the Chinese people by saying that as long as the Chinese people remain confident and strive to move forward, all national development goals will be achieved. In recovering the Hong Kong issue, President Xi Jinping demonstrated a peaceful populist policy. Hong Kong has restored order and is preparing to rebuild. With the adoption and implementation of the ‘One Country Two Systems Principle’, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau will surely enjoy long-term prosperity and stability. Under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, the Chinese government was able to solve every issue of sovereignty peacefully and harmoniously.
Even though there is a global food crisis, China is still able to carry out major harvests for 19 consecutive years so that the availability of food for the people is guaranteed. The Chinese government has consolidated its achievements in poverty alleviation, overall rural revitalization, and issued a policy of cutting taxes and other fees to ease the burden on businesses, and made many efforts to overcome the difficulties of its people.
Since the Covid-19 pandemic hit, President Xi’s administration has chosen policies prioritizing the safety of the lives of its people. China is entering a new phase of its Covid-19 response and formidable challenges remain. Everyone endured patiently. President Xi Jinping has always upheld the Chinese people by saying that the light of hope is right in front of the whole country of China. President Xi Jinping encouraged the Chinese people to continue working hard to get through the difficult times of the pandemic because persistence and solidarity will result in victory.
China’s High-tech Achievements
Under President Xi Jinping, China achieves a world leader in essential technologies, beating the US in the race for scientific and research breakthroughs. There are 37 out of 44 important technologies that China has mastered. According to the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), an Australian think tank, China leads in the world’s important technology sectors such as defense, space, robotics, energy, environment, biotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), advanced materials, and key quantum technology.
Several other fields that China has mastered are drones, machine learning, electric batteries, nuclear energy, photovoltaics, quantum sensors, and the extraction of critical minerals. According to ASPI, China’s dominance in these areas is so entrenched that 10 of the world’s leading research institutes for certain technologies are located in China. By comparison, the US has mastered only seven of 44 key technologies, such as space launch systems and quantum computing, according to ASPI.
China’s prowess in this sector has caused Western countries to experience insecurity so they think China is a dangerous force that can shift the status quo position of the USA. In the long term, China’s leading and highly advanced research position shows that China is already setting itself up to excel not only in current technological developments in almost all sectors but also in future technologies that do not yet exist.
Words have power. Chinese President Xi Jinping has always pumped up the spirit of the Chinese people through his speeches. President Xi reminded the Chinese people that China needs to become a technologically independent country. Therefore, China needs to solve all development problems including technology sector problems. President Xi called for China to strengthen basic research in science and technology to achieve independence and become a global technological power.
Besides, to overcome international science and technology competition, and to achieve a high degree of self-sufficiency and self-improvement, President Xi underlines that China urgently needs to continuously strengthen basic research in leading technology fields and solve key technology problems from the source. The Chinese education system also greatly facilitates leading fields of technology research to cultivate Chinese people’s talents in this field.
President Xi also echoed his speech in 2021 where he said, in 2035 China should be ranked among the leading countries in the world concerning strategy and technological strength and a high-quality talent army. The call comes as China faces a growing challenge to catch up with the US and its allies in advanced semiconductor technology.
In January, Japan and the Netherlands agreed to comply with export restrictions on China’s chip sector announced by the US government in October 2022. However, the sanction that was intended to prevent China from purchasing advanced artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, as well as equipment from Western and Japanese companies, is the impetus for China to be able to produce in domestic independently. The US’s sanctions cannot subvert and bring down the Chinese economy.
The sanctions and embargoes imposed by the USA and its allies strengthened China’s capabilities in research and development for the advanced technology sector. Peace-loving, intelligent, and persistent are inherent principles in Chinese traditional values embraced by the Chinese as a main driving force to reverse the punishment and sanctions to change the great leap forward.
China Will be Tougher and More Advanced
Under the leadership of President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Qiang, the Chinese government will continue to carry out development based on a human-centered development philosophy and focus efforts on promoting high-quality development. Putting the people first will be realized by the Chinese government with a development policy oriented toward people’s welfare as the ultimate goal.
The rapid of China’s economic development provides many benefits to the international world. Amid the tough challenges faced by China today, especially due to the siege by the USA and its allies, President Xi Jinping remains consistent in carrying out a foreign policy that provides great benefits to support the development of developing countries and less developed countries. China’s experience in the success of eradicating absolute poverty can be used as an effective development model. The development of China’s economic sector and all other important sectors takes place rapidly and has the full support of the people. It is true to say that currently, China has entered the level of developed countries. China is transforming from a developing country to a developed country peacefully and harmoniously.
China under the leadership of President Xi Jinping retains the courage to face new obstacles that could potentially weigh on China’s economy. China remains undaunted by major and complex changes in both the domestic and international landscape. The strategy of siege and sanctions imposed by the US and its allies is a serious challenge to China’s development, but it will not prevent China from continuing to expand in all sectors of economic and high-technological development.
Indonesia-China Relations
Indonesia and China need to optimize bilateral cooperation that is reciprocal and mutually beneficial for each other. China’s technological advantages and innovation can be utilized as a source of new economic growth in Indonesia. Particularly, in the post-pandemic era, digitalization will be one of the important backbones of Indonesia’s economic development. High technology including digitalization is an urgent need that must be met by Indonesia in the context of development in all sectors. China is not only the most important economic and trade partner for Indonesia, but China is also a development partner for the high-technology development sector.
Strengthening cooperation in economy and trade; politics and security; and the socio-cultural sector are becoming increasingly important in the development of China-Indonesia relations. Under the new circumstances, deepening the people-to-people and humanities exchanges and cooperation between China and Indonesia are also common interests of the two countries as well as two peoples. Entering the 10th year of Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) implementation, the two countries increasingly should enhance the realization of the commitments that have been agreed upon and think of more strategic steps in the implementation of BRI projects to provide maximum benefits for the welfare of the people of both countries.
Indonesia is going to execute presidential elections in 2024. Whoever the Indonesian president is elected as a result of the presidential election in 2024, the elected president needs to maintain and enhance harmonious relations with China.
[1] Veronika S. Saraswati
China Study Unit Convenor CSIS Indonesia
